Nowadays we can consider obesity as an epidemic of this century due to the high percentage of the population that suffers it all over the world. As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) on its website, obesity and overweight are "an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. This problem affects from infancy to the elderly.
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Although there are different ways to assess body composition, such as measuring skin folds, one of the main ways to measure body composition in adults is through Body Mass lndex (BMI = weight (kg) / height2 (cm)). If the values obtained are between 25 and 29.9, you are overweight. If the result is equal to or greater than 30, we speak of obesity (Eckel & Krauss, 1998; Enrique, Soca, Niño, & Ii, 2009).
It should
be remembered that the BMI is not valid for bodybuilders, the elderly and
children.
Below are different statistics about obesity and overweight around the world:
Below are different statistics about obesity and overweight around the world:
The origin
of this disease is multifactorial, although in most cases it is caused by a bad
energy balance (eating more calories than we spend throughout the day), as the
person consumes very caloric food and has a sedentary lifestyle.
Some of the
main consequences of obesity and overweight are (Enrique et al., 2009):
- Increased mortality and morbidity.
- Increased risk of lung disease such as:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- Asthma.
- Sleep apnea.
- Pulmonary hypoventilation syndrome.
- Metabolic
diseases such as type II diabetes and insulin resistance.
- Increased
risk of cardiovascular disease:
- Increased
risk of thrombosis, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris...
- Accumulation of high-density lipoproteins (HDL).
- Hypertension.
- Increased
osteoarthritis.
- Some
cancers have also been linked to obesity.
- Liver
diseases.
- Gynecological disorders:
- Menstrual disorders.
- Infertility.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
All the
current scientific evidence supports that obesity can be prevented and treated
through physical exercise, combining strength training with aerobic exercise,
in addition to an adequate diet, these being the most effective non-surgical
and pharmaceutical strategies.
If we talk
about the benefits that physical activity can have in this type of population,
the first thing we think about is weight loss, lowering the percentage of fat
mass and increasing muscle mass, improving strength and cardiovascular
endurance. But beyond these, the physical exercise that combines strength
training and aerobic exercise, brings many other benefits associated with it:
- Increased total energy expenditure.
- It
increases lean body mass, thus increasing the basal metabolic rate.
- Decrease
in the risk of mortality.
- Improvement
of the cardiovascular system.
- Mobilization of accumulated fat and reduction of the waist and hip perimeter, although localized fat loss has not been demonstrated (Ramirez-campillo, Andrade, & Campos, 2013).
- Helps maintain longer weight loss achieved by increased oxidation of fats.
See you in the next post.
May the force be with you!
REFERENCES
Organización Mundial de la Salud.
(2012). Obesidad y sobrepeso. Recuperado el 16 de Febrero, 2013, de http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/es/.
Houmard, J. A., & Kraus, W. E. (2012). Effects of Aerobic and / or Resistance Training on Body Mass and Fat Mass in Overweight or Obese Adults, (919). https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2011
Ramirez-campillo, R., Andrade, D. C., & Campos, C. (2013). Regional Fat Changes Induced by Localized Muscle Endurance Resistance Training, (August). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827e8681
Luque, G. T., García-martos, M., Gutiérrez, C. V., & Vallejo, N. G. (2010). Papel del ejercicio físico en la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad en adultos The role of physical exercise in prevention and treatment of obesity in adults, 2041, 47–51.
Enrique, P., Soca, M., Niño, I. A., & Ii, P. (2009). Consecuencias de la obesidad - Consequences of obesity, 20(4), 84–92.
Jensen, M. D., Ryan, D. H., Apovian, C. M., Ard, J. D., Donato, K. A., Hu, F. B., … Lux, L. J. (2014). 2013 AHA / ACC / TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults q, 63(25), 2985–3023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.004
Eckel, R. H., & Krauss, R. M. (1998). American Heart Association Call to Action : Obesity as a Major Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease for the AHA Nutrition Committee, 2099–2100.
Liñán, Á. C., Jesús, A., Oliver, S., Reina, I. G., … Upo, O. (n.d.). Ejercicio físico, obesidad e inflamación, 41, 65–82.
Ramirez-campillo, R., Andrade, D. C., & Campos, C. (2013). Regional Fat Changes Induced by Localized Muscle Endurance Resistance Training, (August). https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827e8681
Luque, G. T., García-martos, M., Gutiérrez, C. V., & Vallejo, N. G. (2010). Papel del ejercicio físico en la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad en adultos The role of physical exercise in prevention and treatment of obesity in adults, 2041, 47–51.
Enrique, P., Soca, M., Niño, I. A., & Ii, P. (2009). Consecuencias de la obesidad - Consequences of obesity, 20(4), 84–92.
Jensen, M. D., Ryan, D. H., Apovian, C. M., Ard, J. D., Donato, K. A., Hu, F. B., … Lux, L. J. (2014). 2013 AHA / ACC / TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults q, 63(25), 2985–3023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.004
Eckel, R. H., & Krauss, R. M. (1998). American Heart Association Call to Action : Obesity as a Major Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease for the AHA Nutrition Committee, 2099–2100.
Liñán, Á. C., Jesús, A., Oliver, S., Reina, I. G., … Upo, O. (n.d.). Ejercicio físico, obesidad e inflamación, 41, 65–82.
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